Showing posts with label UK. Show all posts
Showing posts with label UK. Show all posts

Monday, 22 September 2014

Fears And Phobias A Brief Overview

by: Steve Hill


Psychiatry identifies three different categories of phobia:


Agoraphobia is a fear of open spaces. It is also a fear of having a panic attack in a public place, of losing control in an area from which escape may prove difficult or embarrassing.


Social Phobia is an irrational anxiety brought forth by exposure to certain social situations, leading to avoidance behaviour.


Specific Phobia is a persistent and irrational fear in response to some specific stimulus, which commonly results in avoidance of/withdrawal from that stimulus. It could be triggered by an insect or animal (zoophobia), by a situation like being trapped in an enclosed space (claustrophobia) or it could be a fear of disease (pathophobia).


Approximately 1 in 23 people suffer from phobias. That’s nearly 4.25% of the population. There are roughly 11.5 million sufferers in the US and 2.5 million in the UK .


Approximately 19.1 million American adults aged between 18 and 54 (13.3% of people in this age group) in a given year have an anxiety disorder.


5.2 million Americans (aged 18 to 54) or 3.7% of people in this age group have social phobia.


Approximately 3.2 million Americans have agoraphobia.


Almost 6.2 million US citizens have some sort of specific phobia.


All three types of phobia, social, agoraphobia and specific are likely to effect between 5 and 10 people in every 100.


Females are more prone to irrational fears than males. Roughly twice as many women as men suffer from panic disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, generalised anxiety disorder and specific phobia though about equal numbers of women and men have obsessive-compulsive disorder and social phobia.


In England in 2002-3, there were 310 hospital consultant episodes for phobic anxiety disorders. 94% required hospital admission. 40% were for men, 60% for women.


Only about 20% of specific phobias disappear on their own for an adult.


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Friday, 12 September 2014

Five Simple Steps to Significant Savings

by: Rhiannon Williamson


We all know that we should be putting aside an amount of money each month and saving towards our futures – right?


Well, if you’re anything like I used to be you get to the end of the month and the cupboard – or the bank account in this case – is bare…if you’re lucky you just have enough to meet your monthly bills but you certainly don’t have anything left to play with.


Well – what if I told you that there were five very simple steps that you – yes you – could take to cut your monthly outgoings, increase your monthly income and thus free up money and create an amount each month that could be squirreled away for a rainy day?


Step One – Trim Everyday Expenses


We all have a mountain of essential payments that we must make every month; these include all our utility bills, our car, telephone, internet and even cable TV bills.


Although we’re all aware of these amounts draining our bank account every month, few of us give a second thought to whether we’re paying too much when often we actually are!


So, here are just a few things you could easily do to wipe off significant amounts from those bills – amounts which will, over time, compound to create a nice tidy little sum thank you!


Oh, and if you think about every bill you have I’m sure you’ll come up with many creative ways to reduce all of them.


Your Utility bills – have you considered switching your suppliers? Some suppliers in your area will be cheaper than others and all should give you a free quotation of how much you could be saving based on your previous month’s usage. You may get a further discount if you pay each month by direct debit.


Be aware of the amount of energy you use – switch to energy saver light bulbs, don’t put half a load of washing in the machine, wash-up small amounts instead of using your dishwasher every time and slowly but surely you’ll notice a significant reduction in your overall bills.


Your Car – shop around for cheaper car insurance, combine chores into one journey so that you drop the kids off on your way to work and do your shopping on the way home. The more ‘extra’ journeys you can cut back on the lower your fuel bill, the less often you’ll have to have your car serviced and the lower the mileage on the car when you come to sell it.


Step Two – Cut Interest Payments


According to industry statistics, the average home owner in the UK could reduce their annual mortgage payments by up to £1,600 by just re-mortgaging to a better deal. You need to examine the options available to you!


Next look at your credit cards, store cards, loans and overdrafts and check out the rates of interest you’re paying – obviously the sooner you can pay off all debt and stop accruing new debt the better, but in the meantime you should consider switching to credit cards offering 0% on balance transfers, consider switching to lenders offering lower interest rates on loans and consider switching to a bank with lower account charges for things like your overdraft.


Cut your interest payments right down and free up more cash!


Step Three – Reign in Extravagance


Trust me, I know that this is the least popular of all the steps – but, do you really need that daily cappuccino from Starbucks, could you live without that health club membership that you hardly ever use, what about stopping smoking, cutting back on alcohol consumption and spending a few more quiet nights in than party nights out? If you can’t get rid of your satellite or cable TV could you reduce the packages you subscribe to? If you like to eat out could you reduce the number of times you do it per week?


Don’t worry, I’m not suggesting that you should give up living your life the way you like it, I’m just suggesting that you could maybe trim a little off the load and live life today whilst at the same time saving for your life tomorrow.


Step Four – Stop Making Bad Investments


There are so many poor performing, rubbish returning, invisible interest paying savings policies out there that banks and financial advisers push upon us that it’s just not funny!


Yet at the same time there are some fantastic inflation proofing safer alternatives that could just net you a nice rate of interest too. You need to look around a little, use the internet as a good starting point and find out what the banks and financial institutions are offering. And if you’re saving money make sure you’re saving tax too – ISA and pension payments can be made tax free!


Oh, and when it comes to insurances – from car, health, home contents and even life insurance – shop around, shop around, shop around! Big name brokers often cost far more and if you buy your home contents and life insurance all in when you get your mortgage be prepared to pay way over the odds!


Step Five – Add Income Strings to Your Bow


Are you entitled to any tax credits, child payments or other benefits? If you’re entitled you should be claiming what’s rightfully yours! Could you, your partner or your teenage children be contributing a little more to the monthly pot by taking on a part time job, doing extra shifts or working the odd weekend?


Think as creatively as possible and make good use of any extra time and energy you have to boost your family’s income…you might even be able to earn extra income from doing the things you love – maybe you could teach an evening class in something you specialize in, maybe you could sell arts and crafts you make as a hobby or perhaps you could just baby-sit your friends children?


Just remember that there are many options available to you and that every single step you take towards reducing your outgoings or maximizing your income will be a step towards a more secure financial future for you and your family.


Good luck!


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Thursday, 4 September 2014

Milkweed cures skin cancer – scientists say

A common weed could help cure skin cancers, claim researchers.


The sap from a plant known as petty spurge or milkweed – found by roadsides and in woodland – can ‘kill’ certain types of cancer cells when applied to the skin.


It works on non-melanoma skin cancers, which affect hundreds of thousands of Britons each year.


Milkweed miracle: You can find this weed invading gardens beds across the UK, but it has great cancer-fighting propertiesMilkweed miracle: You can find this weed invading gardens beds across the UK, but it has great cancer-fighting properties

They are triggered by sun damage and, although not usually fatal, can be disfiguring without treatment.


The plant has been used for centuries as a traditional folk medicine to treat conditions such as warts, asthma and several types of cancer.


But for the first time a team of scientists in Australia has carried out a clinical study of sap from Euphorbia peplus, which is related to Euphorbia plants grown in gardens in the UK.


The study of 36 patients with a total of 48 non-melanoma lesions included basal cell carcinomas (BCC), squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and intraepidermal carcinomas (IEC), a growth of cancerous cells confined to the outer layer of the skin.


Patients had failed to respond to conventional treatment including surgery, or they refused or were unsuitable for surgery because of their age.


The patients were treated once a day for three consecutive days by an oncologist using a cotton bud to apply enough of the E.peplus sap to cover the surface of each lesion.


The initial results were impressive, says findings to be released this week in the British Journal of Dermatology.


After only one month 41 of the 48 cancers had completely gone.


Patients who had some of the lesions remaining were offered a second course of treatment.


After an average of 15 months following treatment, two thirds of the 48 skin cancer lesions were still showing a complete response.


Of the three types of skin cancer tested, the final outcome was a 75 per cent complete response for IEC lesions, 57 per cent for BCC and 50 per cent for SCC lesions.


Side-effects were low, with 43 per cent of patients in no pain as a result of the treatment and only 14 per cent reporting moderate pain, and only one patient encountered severe short-term pain.



FACTFILE: PETTY SPURGE, OR MILKWOOD



Latin name: Euphorbia peplus


Occurrence: Petty spurge is a small, branched annual, plentiful in gardens and arable fields.


Euphorbia peplus


It is native and common throughout the UK, in any kind of soil. The plant exudes a milky sap when damaged, which is a severe irritant if applied to the skin.


Biology: Petty spurge flowers from April to November. The seed number per plant ranges from 260 to 1,200.


Petty spurge may be found in fruit for eight months of the year. Seedlings emerge throughout the year except for in winter but the main flush is from April to May. Most seed germinates within a year of shedding.


Just a few seedlings emerge in the following 5 years. Germination occurs at 5 to 10 mm depth in soil.


Persistence and Spread: Seed recovered from house demolitions and archaeological digs and dated at 20, 25, 30 and 100 years old has been reported to germinate.


Source: http://ift.tt/RgYSEk




In all cases of successful treatment the skin was left with a good cosmetic appearance.


The researchers, from a number of medical institutions in Brisbane, attribute the benefit to the active ingredient ingenol mebutate which has been shown to destroy tumour cells.


Euphorbia peplus

Euphorbia peplus (Photo credit: dhobern)



British experts said further studies were needed and people should not try this at home as the weed sap can be harmful to the eyes and should not be eaten.


More than 76,500 people are diagnosed with non-melanoma skin cancer in the UK each year, with 90 per cent caused by ultraviolet light exposure.


Lesions usually appear on the areas most exposed to the sun, such as the head, neck, ears, and back of the hands.


English: Euphorbia peplus (Petty Spurge) with ...

English: Euphorbia peplus (Petty Spurge) with small fruits. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)



Kimberley Carter of the British Association of Dermatologists said: ‘This is a very small test group so it will be interesting to see what larger studies and the development of the active ingredient in E. peplus sap will reveal.


‘Whilst it would not provide an alternative to surgery for the more invasive skin cancers or melanoma, in the future it might become a useful addition to the treatments available to patients for superficial, non-melanoma skin cancers.


‘Any advances that could lead to new therapies for patients where surgery is not an option are definitely worth investigating.


‘It is also very important to note that this is definitely not a treatment people should be trying out at home.


‘Exposure of the sap to mucous producing surfaces, such as the eyes, results in extreme inflammation and can lead to hospitalisation.


‘The concentration of the active ingredients in the sap also varies between different plants, with high doses able to cause very severe and excessive inflammatory responses.’

Read more: http://ift.tt/MwLJrU


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Tuesday, 2 September 2014

The Feeling of Being Watched

By Chris Capps


Isn’t it strange that we have an actual sensation or feeling equated to being watched? For centuries people have reported an eerie feeling when they feel like someone they can’t see is observing them. And this phenomenon would be added to the laundry list of other strange but ultimately baseless occurrences if it wasn’t for the research of one man when he decided to put the feeling of “being watched” to the next level.


Rupert Sheldrake, a researcher and parapsychologist came across evidence while conducting trial research on the matter that people had a definite impression of when they were and were not being watched. The experiments he conducted gave a whole new level of controversy to the subject and finally gave some level of credibility to the phenomenon of scopaesthesia, or “feeling like you’re being watched.” In the experiment, Sheldrake lurked in the background of a quiz show in the UK while it was being taped by the BBC. At random intervals Sheldrake would designate a time to stare at people in the audience behind their backs. He and his research assistants then videotaped the event and looked back on their results. What they found was astounding.


While the audience members did look back into the shadows where Sheldrake and his group were sitting, after a few moments of being stared at a number of audience members would turn and look back at the “observers” as if to try to find the source of an eerie but not quite entirely explained feeling. Almost as though they were being watched. When the video of the event was looked back at they found astonishing evidence that something was indeed going on when the audience members were under the impression they were being watched. Just how they knew precisely was not well understood, but they did somehow.


The experiment concluded that there was some mechanism, although not one that was entirely understood, that would allow test subjects to determine whether they were being watched or not by someone that didn’t want to themselves be seen. While no one ventured to explain just how this happened or why, believers in the theories behind Sheldrake’s findings soon found themselves embroiled in a battle over evolution with skeptics. The discovery did indeed seem to have some advantageous benefits to the fittest. In the wild if a predator is staring at you, it would be quite beneficial if you could by some unseen mechanism determine if they were somewhere nearby and yet hidden. If there was some mechanism by which this could happen, then it seems to follow that in time it would eventually become more common as the survivors passed the trait on to their offspring.


So is there something to the phenomenon of scopaesthesia? In the recorded history of mankind there have been hundreds of accounts where the phenomenon has either saved a life or somehow influenced the outcome of some sort of conflict. But when we attempt to explain just how it works there’s no real way other than to suggest it is an outright psychic phenomenon. Is this proof of psychic ability? What else may we discover in time?


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